Has the Church replaced Israel so that the Old Testament covenants and promises to Israel are now fulfilled in the Church? Replacement Theology-sometimes called Fulfillment Theology or Supersessionism-is the view that the Church has inherited the covenantal role of Israel, so that promises made to the Jewish nation find their fulfillment in Christ and, through him, in the community of all who believe. This view is held by many sincere, Bible-believing Christians. It is widespread among evangelical believers, and it is growing. Those who hold this view believe they are honoring Christ as the ultimate fulfillment of every promise God ever made. But what does Scripture actually teach? The answer lies in a critical covenant-the New Covenant-whose terms, parties, and scope are clearly specified in Scripture. We will show why God's promises to the nation of Israel are neither transferred to nor absorbed by the Church. And we will consider what all of this means for the Church's relationship to the Jewish people today.