This comprehensive work illuminates the molecular foundations and applications of lipases, offering an understanding of their significance in human well-being as well as diseases. Chapter one begins with the meticulous exploration of lipase biochemistry. Chapter two delivers a move beyond digestion to explore the health benefits, metabolic influences, and therapeutic potential of lipases. Chapter three addresses the global issue of obesity. Readers gain insights into the diverse applications and sustainability of lipases, breaking down triacylglycerols in various industries. Probiotic isolates are explored for their role in preventing oxidative rancidity, improving shelf life, and serving as industrial biocatalysts in diverse bioconversion reactions. In Chapter four, the authors present an eco-friendly approach to surfactant synthesis, showcasing the environmental advantages over chemical counterparts. Chapter five delves into the multifaceted roles of lipases. In the last chapter the ubiquitous nature of lipases is underscored. These enzymes, produced by all living organisms, play crucial roles in digestion, transport, and processing of dietary lipids. This chapter navigates through the ubiquity of cellular enzyme lipases in diseased conditions in human, animals and birds and its adverse impact. This book transcends the boundaries of conventional enzymatic literature. This pioneering work promises readers a holistic view of lipase biology, offering a profound understanding of their intricate mechanisms and multifaceted roles in health and disease.