This work seeks to reflect on current trends in Mathematics Education (ME) through a historical retrospective of Mathematics Teaching and a brief account of what is currently considered a trend in teaching and research in Mathematics Education, bearing in mind that an attentive study of the history of Mathematics teaching can instruct education professionals who see teaching as a constant reflective practice. The aim of this study is to show a summary of the main current trends in Mathematics Education and to report on an experience that took place in secondary school, which consisted of teaching and learning Matrices and Linear Systems, using the methodology of teaching Mathematics through Problem Solving.