Greek culture is an essential exponent of the West, like few cultures in the world, the Greeks have left a mark that has reached our days, from models of government, philosophy, the performing arts, architecture and science. No less important is Greek Mythology, of which numerous written works were developed, its representatives such as Homer, Thucydides, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and others, still remain in our memory and in the reality of our days. This book deals with the importance of the Greek contributions by showing the complex ways in which they managed to overcome civilisational challenges through the evolution of their thoughts, organisation and politics. From the classical Greek period, the Italian Renaissance takes its example, from which the artistic and scientific splendour that overcame the Middle Ages was produced and from which the modern world was born and which, after a few centuries of development, has reached the present day.