Various studies reveal occupational mobility among ex-untouchables, but, few studies have focussed their-due attention on self-employment. The focus of this study is on the entry of ex-untouchables belonging to five different caste-groups into the self-employed jobs. In other words, this is the study of entrepreneurship amongst ex-untouchables. The study has analysed a number of motivational factors in historical and social background of the respondents who have adopted modern jobs. Also, the impact of special policies and programmes of the government is identified with the entry of ex-untouchable persons into the self-employed jobs. This is a multi-dimensional study. Although it is sociological, it is equally of importance to scholars, administrators, planners and students of economics of growth, psychology and history.