It must be recognised that when the school system does not appreciate and understand the difficulties faced by the poor it cannot motivate, counsel and win over the poor. Parents from extremely poor and socially marginalised communities find the system alien, unfamiliar and intimidating. All these lead to the child's exclusion. It is the teacher who experiences first hand the difficulties children encounter while negotiating social, cultural and linguistic barriers. Every single child out of school must be transformed into a student. This Encyclopaedia covers all the aspects of this subject. It is hoped, the encyclopaedia will be found to be of immense value to the students, social workers and those who are interested in the subject.