Hostility towards Jews is expressed in very different ways. In recent decades, a shift from anti-Judaic to anti-Israeli discourse can be observed, which is alarmingly widely accepted in society and not infrequently rooted in an anti-Semitic interpretation of the New Testament texts. For many years, Ekkehard W. Stegemann and Wolfgang Stegemann have been drawing attention to hostility towards Jews and its interpretation patterns, which are constantly changing. Aspects of anti-Judaism in the New Testament, hostility to Jews in early Christianity, and also the relationship between the Church and Israel as a Christian identity problem, are among the topics they have been addressing for over 30 years.