Environmental biotechnology makes an attempt to understand the science of biotechnology at a mire complex level, than commonly utilized. It explores the various promises this field holds and examines the various tools and technologies within the field. The quality of life on earth is depends on overall quality of the environment. Due to unregimented population increased and industrial development added millions of tones of hazardous wastes to the soil and water during the 20th century. For centuries, we believe that atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic systems were sufficient to absorb and breakdown wastage from population centre, industry and farming. Environmental biotechnology can also provide a natural way of addressing mainly environmental problems ranging from the identification of biohazards to bioremediation techniques for industrial, agricultural and domestic like municipal effluents and residues. This book provides deeper insight into the concepts and applications of environmental biotechnology.