New Testament scholarship lacks an overall interpretive framework to understand Judean identity. This absence is quite acute in scholarship on the historical Jesus, where the issue of Judeanness (Jewishness) is most strongly debated. It is a pictorial representation of the Judean symbolic universe, which as an ethnic identity, is proposed to be essentially primordialist. The model is given appropriate content by investigating what would have been typical of first-century Judean ethnic identity. It is also argued that there existed a fundamental continuity between Judea and Galilee, as Galileans were ethnic Judeans themselves and they lived on the ancestral land of Israel.