The present compilation of write-ups by several experienced authors, in this volume on natural and anthropogenic hazards on fish and fisheries, will focus such issues which will be beneficial and informative for students, researchers, scientists, academicians, planners and farmers. "Planet Earth" is the focal theme of the 94 th session of Indian Science Congress.In conformity with the focal theme, the section of the Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences has also adopted the seminar theme on "Natural and Anthropogenic Hazards on Conservation and Management of Biodiversity". Several earlier sectional president and prominent Zoologists of the country and the committee members from Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences readily agreed to bring out a special volume pertaining to the focal theme of the Congress, so that certain areas could be covered. Such a compiled volume would prove to be useful for students, researchers, scientists working in various organizations and planners. In this context, special mentioned may be made of Dr.M.S.Swaminathan ,Chairman, M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation who encouraged me to compile a volume on Natural and Anrhropogenic Hazards on Fish and Fisheries in the Indian context. This special release in conjugation with the 94 th session of Indian Science Congress contains 30 articles from different resource persons working in different national institutions of ICAR, and Universities of the country. It has been noteworthy that a fraction of the issues concerning different hazards on the fish fauna from two biodiversity hot spots of the country, viz. North East India, and the Eastern and Western Ghats, along with their effects in certain fisheries of the country have been tabled.The release would highlight comprehensive ideas on how different natural and anthropogenic hazards have affected the entire fisheries and fish fauna of the country from inland, estuarine,brackishwater, coastal, marine, mangrove, wetlands and certain main river systems, viz. the Brahmaputra and Ganges system and certain aspects on problems on shrimp farming, cage culture and migration of Hilsa after the construction of the Farraka barrage , ecological disruption and long term effects of tsunami etc..